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中信證券:風、光、氫、無人機等領域推升需求,高性能碳纖維國產替代加速
格隆匯 11-30 09:12

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:李超 陳旺 張柯

受益於下游應用領域的多維發展與滲透率的提升,預計風、光、氫、無人機等領域將合力推升2025年全球碳纖維需求至26.0萬噸,對應2022-2025年CAGR達23.5%。碳纖維全球供需缺口在中長期維度下料將持續存在,預計2025年達2.5萬噸。隨着我國碳纖維技術與產能瓶頸的突破,預計2021-2025年碳纖維國產量CAGR將達42%,高性能碳纖維的國產替代將持續加速。首次覆蓋碳纖維行業並給予“強於大市”評級。

概況:碳纖維發展受“高性價比”和“高性能”雙驅動,產業鏈中游是核心。

聚丙烯腈(PAN)基標模碳纖維是市場主流,在大絲束高性價比、小絲束高性能雙驅動下,當前大、小絲束全球需求相當。碳纖維產業鏈覆蓋廣,包含從原油到終端應用的完整製造過程,其中,中游是核心環節:

1)原絲是生產高品質碳纖維的關鍵,其成本約佔碳纖維生產成本的51%,原絲製造壁壘在於聚合,一步法和兩步法的選擇需要綜合研判;

2)碳纖維生產的核心在於預氧化;

3)碳纖維復材成型工藝的選擇,必須同時滿足材料性能、產品質量和經濟效益等多種因素;

4)原絲、碳纖維、復材環節設備要求高。

需求:預計風、光、氫、無人機等領域將推升2025年全球碳纖維需求至26萬噸。

隨着碳纖維在眾多下游應用領域滲透率不斷提高,我們預計2025年全球碳纖維總需求將達到26萬噸,其中:

1)風、光、氫三大新能源領域有望達13.3萬噸,其佔2025年全球碳纖維總需求的比例分別為30.7%/14.1%/6.2%,對應2022-2025年需求CAGR分別為25.8%/48.2%/25.7%,風電仍是推動碳纖維需求增長的第一力量;

2)航空航天領域有望達3.4萬噸,其中無人機是推升碳纖維需求的新興力量,我們預計全球無人機領域碳纖維需求有望從2022年的0.47萬噸增至2025年的1.47萬噸,對應2022-2025年CAGR為45.8%。

供給:高行業壁壘與集中度下2021年我國碳纖維產能躍居世界第一,2021-2025年碳纖維國產量CAGR有望達42%。

中長期維度下,碳纖維供需缺口或將持續存在,我們預計2025年全球缺口達2.5萬噸。國產碳纖維型號已成功覆蓋T300級至T1100級、M35至M65 級,實現了對日本東麗主要型號的對標,部分型號抗拉強度、拉伸模量、延伸率等性能指標甚至更優。2021年我國更是首次超越美國以6.34萬噸運行產能躍居世界第一,未來全球預計將迎來中國盛宴。我們預計2021-2025年碳纖維國產量CAGR將達42%,2022年有望成為國產量超越進口量的首年,碳纖維國產替代有望加速。

展望:預計2023年我國碳纖維市場價將弱調整,T700級及更高性能的12K及以下絲束規格供應商經營比較優勢將凸顯。

我們預計2023年我國碳纖維主流市場參考價為:1)T300(12K)120-150元/kg,降幅4%;2)T300(24/25K)110-140元/kg,降幅7%;3)T300(48/50K)100-130元/kg,降幅7%;4)T700(12K)200-250元/kg,降幅2%。我們預計2022年較於2021年新增產能中,小/中/大絲束投放佔比分別為40%/7%/53%,至2025年,其佔比更是分別被拉至25%/8%/67%,在碳纖維產能投放衝擊下(以大絲束擴產為主),T700級及更高性能的12K及以下絲束規格供應商承壓更小,經營前景更廣闊。

風險因素:

行業產能擴張超預期;上游原材料價格大幅上漲;碳纖維在下游領域的滲透率提升不及預期;國產化不及預期。

投資策略:

中長期在碳纖維製造應用多維發展背景下,1)碳纖維滲透率持續提升、2)碳纖維需求持續放量、3)碳纖維供需缺口持續存在、4)國產碳纖維實現與海外產品全方位對標,國產替代加速,這四大趨勢均將對國產碳纖維市場增長給予強力支撐,預計將驅動2021-2025年碳纖維國產量CAGR達42%,行業景氣度有望持續向上,同時碳纖維企業盈利有望持續增長。我們首次覆蓋碳纖維行業並給予“強於大市”評級。

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