“花小錢辦大事”,合成多頭股票策略是怎麼做到的?
合成多頭股票策略(Synthetic Long Stock Option Strategy)是由一個看漲期權和一個看跌期權組成。投資者買入看漲期權,賣出看跌期權來建立策略,並且這兩張期權擁有相同的執行價格和到期日。
使用合成多頭股票策略的主要原因是可以做到“花小錢辦大事”。使用策略後不需要單純購買股票所需付出的高資金成本,相較之下可以甚至“0成本”達到同樣的效果。當然,這也取決於交易者的券商和保證金要求。
進入此策略的投資者如果持有頭寸直到到期,不管股票價格如何變化都會最終持有多頭頭寸。如果到期日股票價格高於行使價A,投資者此時可以行使看漲期權。如果股票跌破行使價A,投資者將被通過看跌期權被分配股票,同樣也會持有股票。

此策略最大利潤是無限的,因爲擁有股票可以讓投資者在股票交易上漲時繼續賺錢。最大損失也是無限的,因爲股票價格下跌會讓投資者損失繼續增加。
合成多頭股票只有一個盈虧平衡點,如果合成多頭股票策略整體上是獲得權利金的,盈虧平衡將通過從行使價中減去收到的權利金來計算。如果合成多頭股票是需要付出權利金的,盈虧平衡將通過將支付的金額與執行價格相加來計算。
期權策略案例
以阿裏巴巴期權爲例,我們可以更清楚的瞭解這個策略。
阿裏巴巴目前的交易價格爲89.84美元,並且投資者預計未來的交易價格會更高,交易者可以買入到期日爲23年2月3日,行使價爲90美元的看漲期權,並同時賣出一個90行使價看跌期權:

買入 1 個 阿裏巴巴 90 行使價看漲期權,價格爲 6.25 美元,總花費625美元。

賣出 1 個 阿裏巴巴 90 行使價看跌期權,價格爲 6.25 美元,獲得權利金625美元。
如果股票在到期時交易價格高達95美元,投資者將在股票上賺取 5.00 美元,投資者將獲得 500 美元的淨收益,與單純持有股票相同。如果股票在到期時交易價格降至85美元,那麼交易者仍將需要以90美元的價格購買股票。這意味着投資者在看跌期權上損失了 5.00 美元,因此他們將總共損失 500 美元,同樣與持有股票的虧損相同。
從阿裏巴巴這個案例中可以看出,策略執行後,整體的頭寸效果是與持有100股阿裏巴巴的效果相同,但是投資者並沒有像正常買股票那樣,付出買入100股阿裏巴巴所需的8984美金,在這個案例中,投資者所需要付出的資金量爲0。這個策略爲投資者大幅度減少了投資行爲所需要的資金成本,投資者轉而通過保證金等形式建立策略,這就是合成多頭股票策略的魅力所在。
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