短期看穩,長期看漲!對角牛市價差策略該怎麼用?
當投資者認爲股價在短期內將是中性或看跌時並且長期看漲時,適合使用對角牛市價差策略。對角牛市價差相對於牛市認購較差在股價短期是中性或下跌的情況下,更好的減少了投資者的投入成本,在特定情況下可以“免費”獲得看漲期權。
對角價差是什麼?
對角價差(diagonal spread) 是指使用不同行權價和不同到期日的期權來建立的價差。一般價差中多頭腿的存續期要比空頭腿更長。對角價差包括對角牛市價差與對角熊市價差,今天我們來介紹一下對角牛市價差。
牛市認購價差策略(Bull Call Spread)是指投資者買入較低行權價的認購期權、同時賣出較高行權價的認購期權,兩個期權行權日期相同。相較於單獨買看漲來說,獲得了額外的一筆權利金收入,使得策略整體的權利金淨支出減少,策略的盈虧平衡點也因此左移降低,勝率也相應提高了。本質是一個低成本的買入看漲期權策略。

對角牛市價差(diagonal bull spread) 同牛市認購價差策略基本相似,只不過再次進行了升級及改善,區別在於對角價差的兩個期權到期日不同,交易者買的是1手較長期的行權價較低的看漲期權,賣出的是1手較短期的行權價較高的看漲期權,買入和賣出的看漲期權的數量仍然相同。
總的來說,對角牛市價差常常可以對普通牛市價差形成改善。如果股票在賣出的短期看漲期權到期之前相對沒有變化或者下跌的話,這個對角價差就是一種改善。第一個短期看漲期權到期後,投資者可以再次進行價差交易,這個價差可以轉化爲1手普通牛市價差。
實戰案例
12月7日,特斯拉的市場價爲179.82,當投資者認爲短期內特斯拉可能短期股價不會大幅波動或者輕微下跌,但長期仍看好特斯拉時,投資者可以選擇對角牛市價差策略。
投資者可以選擇賣出到期日爲23年1月6日,行權價爲190的看漲期權(獲得權利金897美元),同時買入到期日爲23年1月20日,行權價爲175的看漲期權(付出權利金1880美元),總投入爲983美元。


因爲這是一個動態交易,有許多可能的情況和未來的交易,所以不可能計算盈虧平衡,但可以進行大致的討論。
最理想的情況是在1月6日第一個到期日時,特斯拉的股價在190附近,這樣投資者可以獲得全部897美元權利金,並且長期看漲期權此時還有剩餘價值,投資者可以再次建立一個牛市價差,獲得更多權利金。
當特斯拉劇烈下跌遠低於190美元時,會給策略的投資者帶來巨大損失,最大損失爲總投入983美元。當特斯拉劇烈上漲時,投資者無法獲得賣出看漲期權的權利金,但投資者將從長期看漲期權中獲得大量的利潤。
對角化除了牛市價差以外,也可以用於其他價差交易上,在特定情況下,投資者可以大幅減少買入看漲期權的成本,甚至在特定情況下可以“免費”獲得看漲期權。
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