供不應求！各大新能源汽車製造商陷入新的危機
總結：近期，新能源汽車製造商正在應對一些嚴峻的挑戰，在供應鏈上遊原材料漲價和芯片短缺的情況下出現了交付困難和集體漲價的尷尬局面。只有從近期的交付數據才能判斷這些公司在面對這些衝擊時銷售是否還能達到預期。
特斯拉(NASDAQ: TSLA) 將在未來幾天發佈其第一季度的交付和生產數據。該公司在2021年結束時表現強勁，第四季度的出貨量爲30萬輛，前年同期爲18萬輛。21年全年交付了共93萬輛車，平均每季度的銷售速度爲23萬輛。
儘管面臨供應鏈方面的挑戰，特斯拉宣佈其2022年銷量將增長至少50%。這意味着該公司今年的年出貨量至少爲140萬輛，也就是說平均每季度出貨量爲35萬輛。但是特斯拉目前面對的問題不是需求而是供應。因爲上海市的疫情影響，該公司已經被多次強行關閉在上海的Giga工廠，爲未來的供應埋下了很大的隱患。
據統計，特斯拉今年在一至二月期間累計交付了大約11萬輛車，包括對中國的銷售和歐洲的出口。最近在德國柏林和美國德克薩斯同樣開設了Giga工廠，這使它與其他新能源汽車品牌拉開了很大的距離。不過不管特斯拉在第一季度的表現如何，該公司在加速電動汽車普及方面仍然處於有利位置。
蔚來(NYSE: NIO)這個季度預計將交付2.6萬輛車。今年在前兩個月已經交付了1.5萬輛車，實現了3月份交付9千至1萬輛車的小目標。在第四季度的財報電話會議上，蔚來CEO李斌沒有透露任何關於供應鏈的問題。但是我們並不能忽視該公司在中國的製造廠將會受疫情影響的風險。
小鵬(NYSE: XPEV) 的第一季度的交付量爲3.4萬輛，低於去年第四季度的4.1萬輛，但比同期的1.3萬輛增長不少。今年一月至二月，共售出1.5萬輛車。目前該公司發展勢頭強勁，下半年將會推出最新型號P5家庭轎車，
理想(NASDAQ: LI)第一季度的銷量預測爲3萬至3.2萬輛車。相比之下，去年一季度的出貨量爲3.5萬臺，前年一季度的出貨量爲1.2萬臺。今年到目前爲止，該公司已經交付了大約2萬輛車。
目前，特斯拉股價在最近幾個交易日有所回升，歸功於俄烏戰爭形勢的緩和和即將投票的股票拆分計劃。該股最後下跌0.34%至1,090.23美元。
對比之下，中國電動汽車製造商的股價仍有不穩定，由於大部分投資者還在擔心中美的地緣政治和被美國交易所摘牌的風險。據最新數據顯示，蔚來汽車下跌5.14%至21.03美元，小鵬汽車下跌2.57%至27.71美元，理想汽車下跌3.94%至26.06美元。
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