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中信證券:警惕delta突變株可能帶來的疫情再次回彈

我們近期追蹤到印度delta突變株在世界80多個國家流行,正逐漸取代其他突變株成爲主流突變株。該突變株具有更強的傳播性及更高的免疫逃避能力,具備造成疫情再次大範圍復發的威脅性。根據目前的數據,現有疫苗仍能對delta突變株提供一定的保護力,但是保護能力下降,大範圍施打加強針應不可避免,新冠疫苗的銷售額具備可持續性。

Delta突變株傳染能力強於其餘突變株。

Delta突變株(B.1.617.2)是B.1.617變種的後代譜系,其主要有D614G、T478K、L452R和P681R等關鍵突變位點,造成了更高的病毒傳播能力和部分免疫逃逸。現有主流變異株的區別主要在於變異位點的不同,這些不同導致了變異株在傳播能力或者免疫逃逸能力上相對原始毒株有所提高。目前delta突變株感染能力明顯強於其餘主流突變株,也因此在多國近兩月新感染人數中逐漸佔據主流地位。

Delta突變株在全球逐漸流行,多國防疫措施重新收緊。

2021年6月18日,WHO首席科學家蘇米婭·斯瓦米納坦表示高傳染性的delta毒株正在成爲全球的主要流行毒株。同日,英國英格蘭公共衛生署表示自6月11日以來新增delta突變株感染數33630例,過去一週99%新增的案例爲delta突變株。英國首相也宣佈推遲取消限制計劃以應對delta突變株。德國聯邦衛生部長及俄羅斯莫斯科市長也相繼表示對delta病毒的擔憂,認爲需要謹慎放鬆防疫措施。

現有疫苗針對delta突變株有效率有所下降,加強針應不可避免。

2021年6月14日,Sheikh等在《柳葉刀》發表論文稱(DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01358-1)輝瑞疫苗對於Delta毒株的保護率爲79%,牛津阿斯利康爲60%,並且仍舊能提高與普通毒株相似的重症保護率。我國疾控中心數據也顯示我國疫苗可以對該變異株產生保護作用。不同突變株都在一定程度上降低了現有疫苗的有效率。鑑於提高保護率的考量,大範圍施打新冠疫苗加強針應不可避免。我們堅持之前的判斷,基於新冠病毒現有的突變率,未來類流感化概率較高,不排除未來出現更強力變異株的可能,變異株疫苗開發刻不容緩。

風險因素:

新冠市場競爭風險、疫苗降價風險、個股業績不達預期風險。

投資策略:

疫苗行業是醫藥行業的一個細分子賽道,其競爭門檻高,產品審批嚴格,伴隨着人口老齡化、新冠疫情催化及大衆健康意識覺醒,其未來業績確定性較強,給予“強於大市”評級。

基於delta突變株,我們判斷新冠未來泛流感化概率加大,新冠疫苗的銷售具備一定的可持續性;重點推薦康希諾(單針腺病毒載體新冠疫苗)、智飛生物(重組蛋白路徑新冠疫苗EUA);建議關注復星醫藥(與BioNTech設立合資公司,有望三季度獲批並承接mRNA疫苗國內生產)、康泰生物(國內滅活苗中最高中和抗體滴度比值)、沃森生物(與艾博合作研製mRNA路徑新冠疫苗,目前正處於臨牀試驗三期);華蘭生物(與俄羅斯合作腺病毒載體疫苗)以及疫苗產業鏈上的上海醫藥(與康希諾合作分銷、擁有上藥寶山生產基地)。

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