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收益率曲線倒掛≠經濟衰退
uSMART盈立智投 02-20 20:01

上週美國國債收益率曲線倒掛的程度擴大至1981年以來最高的水平。在一份新發布的報告中,高盛研究部的經濟學家質疑這一指標的長期經濟衰退預測能力,並爭論爲什麼的這次的結論可能會較預測有所不同。

據悉,美債收益率曲線是長期(10年)和短期(2年)美國國債收益率之間的差值。通常,長期美債的收益率相對較高,因爲投資者需要更高的利率來彌補未來經濟不確定性帶來的影響。但自上一年年中以來,情況正好相反,傳統上,這被視爲投資者預期經濟衰退將抑制通脹的跡象。上週這種倒掛的現象變得更加明顯,10年期國債收益率跌至比2年期國債收益率低0.85個百分點以上的水平,創下近40多年來的最大利差。

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(美債收益率幾十年來從未發生過更大的倒掛現象)

然而,是什麼導致了美債收益率倒掛的現象,爲什麼它不一定預示着經濟衰退的發生呢? 高盛經濟學家 普拉文·科拉帕蒂(Praveen Korapaty)和威廉·馬歇爾(William Marshall)寫道,投資者似乎正在對全球即將到來長期的經濟停滯進行定價,經濟發展將以低增長和低利率爲特徵,隨着美聯儲開始放緩加息步伐,實際利率將恢復到全球疫情爆發前的水平。

經濟學家寫道:“當前美國國債收益率曲線的倒掛在很大程度上並非來自經濟高衰退機率或通脹正常化,而是由較低的長期實際利率水平所導致。” “投資者似乎執着於押注長期的經濟停滯,而這已是上一個經濟週期的觀點。”

科拉帕蒂和馬歇爾指出,目前全球經濟狀況的剛性比許多人所認爲的都要強大,而且美債收益率曲線目前的倒掛可能將是短暫的。他們認爲:“對於能夠支持比目前假設更高的長期實際利率的經濟體來說,這個週期的持續時間是不同的。”

經濟學家稱,美國的經濟增長前景正繼續改善。本月早些時候,高盛研究部將未來12個月經濟衰退的可能性從35%下調至25%,理由是該國勞動力市場數據持續強勁,且商業調查出現改善的早期跡象。如果經濟表現繼續證明彈性,投資者可能會更新他們的預測並建立對更高長期利率的預期,從而導致收益率曲線倒掛現象逐漸恢復正常。

經濟學家稱“我們認爲美債收益率的倒掛不太可能持續下去。我們的預期是,通過對長期實際利率的向上重新評估,收益率倒掛現狀將在一定程度上實現緩和。”

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