是時候交易美聯儲轉向了嗎?
本文來自格隆匯專欄:興證宏觀王涵,作者:王涵、卓泓等
投資要點
近期海外出現了一些邊際變化:10月22日,聯儲官員及華爾街日報相繼釋放鴿派信號,加息預期降溫,美債、美股上漲,美元下挫。對此,我們認爲:
聯儲態度邊際鬆動:或考慮12月放緩加息步伐。在6月加息會議上放風指引了75bp加息的華爾街日報記者Nick Timiraos在10月21日再次發文稱聯儲或將暗示12月放緩加息步伐。(whether and how to signal plans to approve a smaller increase in December)。此後聯儲官員陸續放風釋放鴿派信號:舊金山聯儲主席戴利稱過度緊縮的利率可能會“使經濟陷入非強制衰退”,並建議聯儲下次加息小於75個基點,聖路易斯聯儲主席布拉德表示“9月通脹報告並不一定意味着美聯儲需要比官員們在最近一次政策會議上預測的更高的利率”
接近11月開會“靴子落地”,市場或階段性鬆一口氣。目前市場預期2022年11月、12月及2023年2月分別加息75bp、50bp、50bp,本輪加息終點至4.75%-5%。此後維持高利率至2023年12月再降息。本週美債一度10Y站上4.35%,2Y高點4.65%,3M高點4.1%,對聯儲當前的指引計入已經較爲充分。在聯儲態度邊際轉折之際,市場或迎來階段性反轉。
邊際鬆動不等於政策拐點,聯儲依然是“數據依賴”,風險尚未解除。聯儲雖不希望市場單邊下跌引發風險(尤其是在英國、韓國、瑞士、日本都暴露不同程度脆弱性的背景下),可顯然應也不希望預期過於樂觀進而反作用於需求和通脹,因此依然是“數據依賴”。聯儲最新褐皮書顯示通脹保持高位。在“高通脹、強就業、弱經濟”的組合下,貨幣政策轉向還需明顯的通脹放緩和就業市場證據支持。除了即將到來的11月FOMC會議,後續重點關注10月27日將公佈的三季度GDP數據、11月4日將公佈的非農數據、11月10日將公佈的CPI數據
潛在金融風險則將是貨幣政策的另一邊界。本輪美元和商品雙強的格局使得英國、日本、韓國、德國等發達經濟體貨幣、財政政策都面臨不同程度的增長-通脹-債務難題,呈現出“類新興市場”的特徵。不同於美國,當前是次貸危機後歐洲初次經歷貨幣轉緊,和英國養老金類似,此前很多歐洲機構對低利率的預期是較強的,需警惕類似英國減稅的事件性衝擊導致的利率速升,進而造成的潛在流動性風險;美國則需關注CLO被拋售導致的利率到信用的傳導——尤其是中小企業風險。
風險提示:通脹持續性超預期,聯儲貨幣政策收緊超預期
“通脹-聯儲收緊”線索追蹤





市場:多位聯儲官員鴿派發言引發市場加息預期降溫






通脹:供應鏈壓力輕微回升,但仍處低位




風險提示:通脹持續性超預期,聯儲貨幣政策收緊超預期
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