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中信證券:新能源需求持續向好,稀土產業鏈方興未艾

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:敖翀 商力 拜俊飛

下游需求或逐步回暖+供給端嚴控+國家政策支撐=關注稀土產業鏈配置價值。

市場回顧:稀土概念板塊、稀土永磁板塊月度上漲。

7月29日,Wind稀土指數收於2130.64,周漲幅2.95%,月漲幅0.01%;Wind稀土永磁指數收於5883.01,周漲幅3.61%,月漲幅7.58%。滬深300收於4170.01,周跌幅1.61%,月跌幅5.68%。

價格:重稀土、輕稀土價格下跌。

中國稀土行業協會數據顯示,7月16日至7月29日,重稀土主要產品中,氧化鏑最低價為233.0萬元/噸,雙週漲跌幅為-0.43%;輕稀土氧化物中,氧化鐠釹最低交易價格為81.0萬元/噸,雙週漲跌幅-3.34%;氧化鐠最低交易價格84.8萬元/噸,雙週漲跌幅-6.40%;氧化釹最低交易價格84.8萬元/噸,雙週漲跌幅為-6.30%。

供需:5月份生產商開工率、產量、庫存量、銷量環比下降。

亞洲金屬網數據中心數據顯示,5月份中國氧化鐠釹銷量為3,167.00公噸,去年同期為3,430.00公噸,上月為3,194.00公噸,同比下降7.67%,環比下降0.85%;生產商開工率為54.46%,去年同期為65.95%,上月為55.43%,同比減少17.42%,環比減少1.75%;產量為3,135.00公噸,去年同期為3,370.00公噸,上月為3,191.00公噸,同比下降6.97%,環比下降1.75%;庫存量為5,860.00公噸,去年同期為6,330.00公噸,上月為5,892.00公噸,同比下降7.42%,環比下降0.54%。

進出口:6月稀土礦進口量總體上升,海外稀土礦價格波動明顯。

海關總署數據顯示,2022年6月混合碳酸稀土進口量為101.15噸,同比下跌62.17%,平均單價25.38萬元/噸,價格同比上漲468.69%;稀土金屬礦進口量為6786.0噸,同比上漲34.36%,平均單價5.12萬元/噸,價格同比上漲77.24%;釷礦砂及其精礦進口量為3078.81噸,同比上漲1066.22%,平均單價6.45萬元/噸,價格同比上漲108.5%;6月合計進口稀土礦9965.97噸,同比上漲78.5%,平均價格5.73萬元/噸,月同比上漲92.92%。

投資邏輯:新能源需求持續向好,稀土產業鏈方興未艾。

短期:歷史上稀土生產指標公佈時間一般在7-8月份,我們預計按需投放的原則不會改變,下半年供給增速區間或為20%-30%。當前時點是緬甸傳統雨季,稀土進口礦供給擾動仍在,近期新能源汽車等下游的修復預期總體向好,四季度是新能源汽車、消費電子等稀土永磁下游的傳統旺季,稀土產業鏈相關企業開工率預期有望回升。

中長期:根據弗若斯特沙利文預測(轉引自金力永磁公吿),2025年我國及全球的稀土永磁材料產量將分別達到28.4萬噸和31.0萬噸,預計未來全球高性能釹鐵硼供給增量或主要集中在中國;隨着新能源汽車、工業電機、工業機器人、風力發電等下游需求高速增長,稀土價格或將高位運行,產業結構有望持續優化,稀土永磁行業集中度或進一步提升。2021年是稀土全產業鏈的利潤拐點,總體來看預計今年二季度相關企業利潤同比、環比均維持高增勢頭,供需、政策的有力支撐下,2022年稀土價格中樞或穩步抬升,量價齊升下產業鏈利潤或持續超預期,持續推薦稀土全產業鏈戰略配置機會,重點關注稀土永磁板塊的成長價值。

風險因素:

局部疫情影響持續擴大;宏觀經濟波動;打黑、環保、收儲等各項政策執行力度不及預期;下游消費需求不及預期。

投資建議:維持行業“強於大市”評級。

稀土價格或將高位震盪,持續關注稀土產業鏈配置機會。

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