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中信證券:氫能蓄力產業化,期待市場、技術新突破

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:祖國鵬、王喆

2022年下半年,氫能產業支持政策有望疊加,燃料電池示範應用城市羣或繼續擴容,政策力度不減。我們認為,下半年產業鏈上有三大核心環節值得關注:交通領域氫能車產銷量的加速增長及應用的拓展,綠氫市場規模的壯大,以及燃料電池、IV型儲氫瓶等關鍵材料、裝備的國產化新突破。我們看好氫能產業化進程加速,維持行業“強於大市”評級。

頂層設計落地後,政策或繼續疊加。

2022年3月,《氫能產業中長期發展規劃(2021-2035)》發佈,對氫能在能源體系和產業中的定位、未來發展目標、應用場景都做出了詳細規劃,為行業發展帶來新的動力。頂層設計落地後,中央及地方在各個維度的政策中對氫能的發展方向也有新的細化,政策仍在不斷疊加,利好行業發展提速。同時,燃料電池示範應用城市羣今年以來還在不斷擴容。行業發展的政策東風依然強勁。

2022年以來氫能車銷量同比增長強勁,預計下半年交通領域應用或有新突破。

在示範應用政策的助推下,今年前5月全國燃料電池車產量累計已達到1200輛,銷量同比增速達到3.5倍,後續隨着產業鏈開工率的恢復及降本的推進,我們預計燃料電池車2022年新增量有望達到6000~7000輛的水平,重卡增量有望超過客車增量。除了汽車的加速上量,氫能在船舶、無人機等領域的推廣也有望獲得突破,未來也同樣具備廣闊市場空間,將有效推動燃料電池需求增加。

下半年“綠氫”市場或起步發力。

《氫能產業中長期發展規劃》提出,至2025年可再生能源制氫產能要達到10~20萬噸/年。在“雙碳”目標及規劃帶動下,預計下半年綠氫的生產和推廣將更加深入,一方面示範性的大規模綠氫製取項目有望增加;另一方面,工業領域的綠氫需求也有望增加。我們預計2022年電解槽設備銷量或突破1GW,對應市場規模在30~50億元。2025年,電解槽設備的市場規模有望突破100億元。

持續關注具有技術壁壘的關鍵材料及設備。

目前燃料電池的核心材料和零部件大部分已經實現了技術上的國產自主。但產業鏈上有部分核心材料及設備,如燃料電池用的質子交換膜、氣體擴散層以及車載儲氫瓶,國產化率還不高,存在明顯的技術壁壘,在相關領域有突破的企業可享受技術紅利,值得長期關注。

風險因素:

關鍵技術進展緩慢;產業支持政策落地低於預期;氫能車產銷量不及預期。

投資策略:

2022下半年,在政策持續疊加、產業鏈降本以及需求逐步釋放的背景下,氫能行業發展有望進一步提速,交通領域的應用邊界有望不斷拓展,綠氫市場有望初具規模,關鍵材料的國產自主也有望衝刺“最後一公里”。我們建議關注三條主線:一是燃料電池車輛特別是重卡產銷量增長會帶動的產業鏈放量,二是綠氫製取和應用相關的企業等,三是關鍵材料和零部件國產化有望繼續突破的企業等。

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