Meta,谷歌迎利好?
歐盟與美國原則上同意了一項新的跨大西洋數據傳輸協議,此舉可能爲包括Meta(FB.US)、谷歌(GOOG.US)在內的數千家公司數月以來在如何安全地跨大西洋傳輸數據上的不確定性劃上句號。
歐盟委員會主席馮·德萊恩(Ursula von der Leyen)表示,這項新協議將“促進可預測和值得信賴的數據流動,平衡安全、隱私權和數據保護”。“這是加強我們夥伴關係的又一步。”
協議細節仍需敲定,但此次會議的結果可能對該協定的長期存續具有決定性意義。
資料顯示,2013年,一位來自奧地利的律師認爲,Meta旗下的Facebook等公司將歐洲用戶的數據轉移到美國,但美國卻在數據保護上力度不足,該律師以此對Facebook向愛爾蘭數據監管機構(DPC)提出投訴,之後被駁回。這名律師隨後上訴至愛爾蘭高等法院,該案最終遞交到了歐洲最高法院(CJEU)。
2020年7月,CJEU裁定歐盟與美國之間的數據傳輸標準不能充分保護歐洲民衆的隱私。跨大西洋之間的數據傳輸原本主要受名爲“隱私護盾”協議支持。這項由美國商務部、歐盟委員會和瑞士政府共同設計的法律框架,要求個人數據在歐盟和瑞士向美國轉移時,得到相應保護並符合法律要求。
CJEU認爲,美國法律賦予美國當局在沒有充分保障的情況下,收集有關歐盟數據主體的個人數據的權利。同時,歐盟數據主體缺乏向美國政府尋求補救的有效手段。因此,“隱私護盾”協議最終被取消。
協議的取消令Mate等數千家公司無法順利跨大西洋傳輸重要的商業用戶數據。DPC在幾個月後向Facebook發出初步命令,要求停止從歐盟到美國的用戶數據傳輸行爲,並可能會對Facebook處以其年收入最高4%的罰款;若Facebook不遵守規定,將被罰款28億美元。
上述命令在Facebook向愛爾蘭高等法院提出質疑後被凍結。但在2021年5月,法院駁回Facebook的訴訟請求,該命令隨即恢復。今年2月,DPC接受採訪表示,Facebook和Instagram從歐盟到美國的數據傳輸可能會在今年5月被叫停,但該決定並不會同時適用於其他大型科技公司。
對此,Facebook曾警告稱,由於其業務依賴於處理用戶數據來提供靶向在線廣告,停止數據傳輸可能會對其業務造成“毀滅性”和“不可逆轉”的後果。
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