证券行业:8月月报单月净利环比-5%,可比33家同比+233%,维持”优于大市"评级
机构:海通证券
评级:优于大市
投资要点:2019年年8月月36家上市券商母公司口径净利润环比-5%,可比33家同比+233%;8月市场交易量环比+12%,同比+52%。我观们估算在悲观/中性/乐观情形下,2019年净利润同比+21%/+56%/+81%。推荐华泰证券、中金公司、招商证券等。
8月母公司口径净利润环比-5%,同比+233%。36家上市券商8月合计实现营业收入177亿元,环比-7%,可比33家同比+88%;实现母公司口径净利润65亿元,环比-5%,可比33家同比+233%。8月上市券商业绩同比增长较多主要是由于8月交易额同比增长52%,权益及固收市场表现均好于去年同期。36家上市券商1-8月实现营业收入1913亿元,同比+47%,实现归母净利润605亿元,同比+69%。
8月经营环境:8月市场交易量环比+12%,同比+52%。8月市场交易量同比环比均有所回暖。2019年8月日均股基交易额4737亿元,环比+12%,同比+52%;1-8月日均交易额5696亿元,同比+31%。8月完成IPO15家,募集资金252亿元,环比-43%,同比+425%;增发募资215亿元,环比-80%,同比-76%;优先股350亿元,可转债募资16亿元,可交换债32亿元。债券承销方面,企业债承销386亿元,环比+43%,同比+81%;公司债承销2339亿元,环比+15%,同比+43%;企业债及公司债合计承销2726亿元,环比+18%,同比+47%。沪深300指数2019年8月-0.93%,7月+0.26%,2018年8月-5.21%;中债总全价指数2019年8月+0.45%,7月+0.47%,2018年8月-0.58%。
集中度有所回落,普涨环境下大券商优势并不显著。2019年上半年,券商集中度下降至47%,回到2014年的水平;此外,上半年上市券商同比增幅(+59%)慢于全行业增幅(+103%),11家大券商同比增幅(+49%)慢于上市券商同比增幅。我们认为由于上半年自营收入占比显著增加,普涨环境下大券商的资源优势并未体现,因此集中度不升反降。但我们长期仍看好大型券商,我们预计在未来行业竞争进一步加强,衍生、海外、创新业务不断试点的背景下,大券商凭借自身底蕴及资源优势,形成马太效应。
平衡杠杆及收益率是券商下一阶段的重点。高杠杆在带来高收益的同时,亦加大了经营风险。金融危机前,美国投行以高杠杆驱动高收益,通过资本中介业务提升杠杆,再利用杠杆在风险中介业务上获利。因此08年以前杠杆率在30倍左右,ROE在10%以上。过高的杠杆、过于复杂的产品结构及风控的不足,成为了08年金融危机的一大导火索。高杠杆在带来高收益的同时,亦加大了经营风险。对于境内券商而言,在当前的资本风险监管体系下,如何在平衡杠杆及收益率的同时,提升ROE是券商下一阶段的重点。
2019年长预计净利润同比增长56%。我们估算在悲观/中性/乐观情形下,2019年净利润同比+21%/56%/81%。中性假设的业务分部来看,经纪业务同比增长56%;投行业务同比增长51%,IPO及公司债发行预计同比大幅增长;资本中介业务收入同比增长28%;自营及资管分别同比增长50%及5%。
券商股估值回落,估值弹性仍较高。目前(2019年9月5日)券商行业(使用中信II级指数)平均估值1.7x2019EP/B,券商股价值弹性仍较高。预计19年券商各项业务有望显著改善,大型券商优势显著,行业集中度有望持续提升。推荐华泰证券、中金公司、招商证券等。
风险提示:市场低迷导致业绩和估值双重下滑。
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